Keywords
atropina
sistemas opticos
Categories
How to Cite
Abstract
RESUMEN
La creciente prevalencia de la miopía se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública global, estimándose que un 50% de la población mundial estará afectado por esta condición el 2050. Dado que la tasa de complicaciones derivadas de la miopía, que afectan profundamente la calidad de vida y pueden conducir a pérdida visual irreversible, aumenta en relación a su magnitud, se ha incrementado el interés científico por la investigación en tratamientos que puedan disminuir su progresión, y consecuentemente sus complicaciones. Estos estudios, enfocados en la interacción entre los factores genéticos y ambientales involucrados en su aparición y progreso, han encontrado que las gotas de atropina, los lentes de contacto de ortoqueratología, los lentes de contacto blandos de foco dual, y los nuevos diseños de lentes ópticos con desenfoque miópico o modificación del contraste periférico, usados tempranamente en niños miopes, son eficaces en disminuir el crecimiento del ojo, manteniendo un perfil de seguridad aceptable. El aumento del tiempo al aire libre, así como la dosificación del tiempo expuesto a las pantallas durante la infancia han demostrado también un efecto tanto en retardar la aparición como disminuir la progresión de la miopía. La difusión de estas estrategias y consecuentemente su correcta y oportuna implementación conducirá a la disminución de la progresión de la miopía y eventualmente sus complicaciones
ABSTRACT
The growing prevalence of myopia and its rapid progression has become a global health problem, with an estimated 50% of the world population affected by the year 2050. The incidence of complications of myopia, that can severely compromise the quality of life and lead to irreversible loss of vision, grows in relation to the degree of myopia. This has led to growing scientific interest for treatments to slow myopia progression and consecuentely, its complications. The studies have focused in the interaction between genetic and enviromental factors involved in the development and progression of myopia, and have found that atropine drops, orthokerathology contact lenses, dual focus contact lenses , and new technology spectacle lenses, used early in myopic children, are efficient to slow the eye growth, keeping an acceptable safety profile. Spending more time outdoor and reducing the time spent on electronic devices during childhood have also showed effect to both delay the onset of myopia and slow its progression. The dissemination of these strategies and consequentelly its proper and timely implementation will lead to slow progression of myopia and eventualy diminish its complications.
Key words: myopia, high myopia, atropine, contact lenses, time spent outdoors
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