Palabras clave
Amígdala
Corteza Prefrontal
Categorías
Cómo citar
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: El Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP) se caracteriza por inestabilidad emocional, impulsividad y dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales. La amígdala ha sido identificada como una estructura clave en la neurobiología del TLP, presentando alteraciones en su actividad y conectividad, particularmente con la corteza prefrontal. Comprender su papel en la fisiopatología del trastorno es esencial para el desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas eficaces.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos PsycArticles (APA), PubMed, Medline with Full Text (EBSCO), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO) y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2021 y 2025 que abordaran la actividad de la amígdala en el TLP desde diversas metodologías.
Resultados: La evidencia sugiere que los pacientes con TLP presentan una hiperactivación de la amígdala ante estímulos emocionales negativos y neutros, junto con una disminución de su conectividad funcional con la corteza prefrontal medial. Diversos tratamientos han demostrado capacidad para modular esta actividad y, consecuentemente, la sintomatología del TLP. Destaca la terapia dialéctico-conductual (DBT), aunque también se han observado efectos positivos con otras técnicas.
Discusión y conclusiones: Las alteraciones en la actividad y conectividad de la amígdala consolidan su relevancia en la fisiopatología del TLP. La identificación de estos mecanismos ha permitido diseñar intervenciones terapéuticas orientadas a modular su funcionamiento. La integración de biomarcadores neurobiológicos en la planificación del tratamiento representa una vía prometedora para optimizar la intervención clínica.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Javiera Belén Pérez Odeh, Felipe Alberto Alvial Ahumada, Claudia Pizarro Cordero, Catalina Alvarado Vásquez